Once a creature you control has been blocked, changing its power to 1 or less won’t cause it to become unblocked. Changing its toughness to 1 won’t cause it to become unblocked, and changing its toughness to less than 1 will cause it to die.
This is the relevant ruling for Tetsuko Umezawa. Notice it says that changing the p/t won't change anything only once blockers have been declared.
Trepanation Blade triggers in the attack step, so it could potentially buff a creature and cause Tetsuko to no longer apply to it.